Unfortunately it seems to be an IO read error on the disk that is causing it to fail to mount:
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] ASC=0x6f ASCQ=0x3
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 02 00 00 00
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sr0, sector 4096
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] unaligned transfer
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] unaligned transfer
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] unaligned transfer
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] unaligned transfer
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] unaligned transfer
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] unaligned transfer
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] unaligned transfer
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD kernel: sr 0:0:0:0: [sr0] unaligned transfer
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD udisks-glue[310]: Device file /dev/sr0 inserted
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD udisks-glue[310]: Device /dev/sr0 did not match any rules.
Nov 13 09:41:51 osmcUD udisks-glue[310]: brw-rw---- 1 root cdrom 11, 0 Nov 13 09:41 /dev/sr0
I can’t see how that can be anything but hardware - if the sector on the disk is unreadable, software can’t do anything about that.
Most likely either the disk itself or the drive, or maybe a combination of the two.