This is all a bit messed up. In Linux, the device is reporting itself to be 148f:2878. If it had reported itself to be 148f:7601, it should have automatically picked up the mt7601u driver (marked <<<<):
osmc@osmc:~$ modinfo mt7601u
filename: /lib/modules/4.14.26-2-osmc/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/mediatek/mt7601u/mt7601u.ko
license: GPL
firmware: mt7601u.bin
srcversion: D06F3ABB275F34B500D150A
alias: usb:v7392p7710d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v2A5Fp1000d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v2955p1001d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v2955p0001d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v2717p4106d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v2001p3D04d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v148Fp760Dd*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v148Fp760Cd*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v148Fp760Bd*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v148Fp760Ad*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v148Fp7601d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in* <<<<
alias: usb:v13D3p3434d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v13D3p3431d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v0E8Dp760Bd*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v0E8Dp760Ad*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
alias: usb:v0B05p17D3d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in*
depends: mac80211,cfg80211
intree: Y
name: mt7601u
vermagic: 4.14.26-2-osmc SMP preempt mod_unload modversions ARMv7 p2v8
osmc@osmc:~$ ls -l /lib/firmware/mt7601u.bin
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 45412 Nov 22 00:53 /lib/firmware/mt7601u.bin
The firmware is also present.
If rebooting and re-trying:
sudo modprobe mt7601u
echo "148f 2878" | sudo tee "/sys/module/mt7601u/drivers/usb:mt7601u/new_id"
doesn’t work, then you’re basically out of luck with this device on OSMC.