Nope. Besides, it’d be quite confusing/misleading to have the setting for refresh rate also have an influence on resolution. Try it for yourself.
https://kodi.wiki/view/Settings/Videos#Playback
https://forum.kodi.tv/showthread.php?tid=322594&pid=2656484#pid2656484
Testing showed me I was wrong and indeed the adjust refresh rate has to be set to something else than off to enable Kodi switching from FullHD output to UHD output. Sorry, my bad.
On a side note, I think it’s funny the TV’s upscaler does such an awesome job I couldn’t tell until now. If you own a LG TV, point at the screen’s upper left with the remote and click, it will display aspect ratio, resolution, HDR/SDR, sound format, and BT.2020.