Thanks for the advice!
http://paste.osmc.io/ivababopip.
[225019.492855] usb 1-1-port2: over-current change
Either your USB ports are broken or power supply issue
Thanks for the feedback
Or is there a short circuit on the usb or something?
Stupid question, but is there something stuck in the usbport?
Do other usbdevices work?
Edit:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=110164
This suggests a short at the usb ports.
Nope, nothing stuck in any of the USB ports.
A differente USB device (cabled mouse) does not work either. Since the RPi works perfectly otherwise, the chance that is it the PSU seems smaller, than that it is the RPi itself (USB ports/controller)…
What PSU? What specs does it claim for voltage/amperage?
It is an original Raspberry PSU: 5,1V, 2,5 Amps.
And the raspberry has a bought case?
Or does it rest on something conductive?
Can you make a high res photo of the underside?
This message actually suggests that the error is before the hub.
If the psu was not capable enough, there shouldn’t be an overcurrentcondition.
It indeed is in a case: https://www.kiwi-electronics.nl/behuizing-voor-raspberry-pi-model-b-plus-en-hifiberry-dac-rca-digi-plus-zwart?search=raspberry%20case&page=2
The photo doesn’t look suspicious.
Does it work if it is not in the case?
Really strange that no usbgear works. Might be a physically defective raspberry.
You can try to reinstall and see if that helps.
A clean install, out of the case, and no single usb device works. No leds on usb key or mouse… 
Seems de RPi itself is really the culprit…
Yes. Return it if you can or find and remove the short circuit in the usb area.